Revista Energética. Diciembre 2021

BALANCE ȶȉȶȦ Y PERSPECTIVAS ȶȉȶȶ CT Cristina Maroto Castellanos 'YWMRIWW 9RMX 2EREKIV 5PERXEW .RHYWXVMEPIW + Kqƒ" ~tzys|s‹™qƒ" wt" ‡uswŠzzvy" wt" {vm wu‹tys"tƒ~›y"qp‡|vqpty~t"wtƒquus||qwqƒ" rq"€Št" |q"~tzys|s‹™q"p›ƒ"Š~v|vqwq-" |q"t|tzm ~u|vƒvƒ"wt|"q‹Šq-"{q"ƒvws"pt‰suqwq"r"qyq|vm qwq"wŠuqy~t"w˜zqwqƒF"=|"‡uvyzv‡q|"‡us}|tm pq" ty" =ƒ‡qœq-" r" €Šv›ƒ" q" yvt|" pŠywvq|-" ‡quq" t|" Šƒs" wt|" {vwu‹tys" zsps" tz~su" tytu‹˜~vzs" tƒ" |q" wvƒ~uv}Šzvy" r" q|pqztyqm pvty~s" wt|" pvƒps-" zŠrqƒ" vy†uqtƒ~uŠz~Šuqƒ" tƒ~›y" qxy" ‡su" wtƒquus||qu" r" wywt" ‡q™ƒtƒ" zsps"3|tpqyvq"rq"ysƒ"||tqy"}qƒ~qy~t"tym ~q‰q" ty-" ‡su" t‰tp‡|s-" utwtƒ" wt" {vwus‹tytm uqƒF"4t"yqwq" ƒvut" t|"wtƒquus||s"wt"‡|qy~qƒ" wt"‡uswŠzzvy"wt"? ˆ "tuwt"ƒvy"Šyqƒ"vy†uqtƒm ~uŠz~Šuqƒ" t†vzqztƒ"€Št"{q‹qy"wt" ƒŠ"Š~v|vqm zvy"†vyq|"Šy"ptuzqws"zsp‡t~v~vsF , =|"wtƒquus||s"wt|"? ˆ "tuwt"zsps"tz~su" tytu‹˜~vzs"tƒ~›"vyz|Švws"wty~us"wt"|q"tƒ~uqm ~t‹vq" €Št" t|" Js}vtuys" q‡us}"ty"|q"{s‰q"wt"uŠ~q" wt|" {vwu‹tys" ty" ˆˆ-" ƒvtyws" z|qt" ‡quq" q|zqym qu" |q" pt~q" wt" wvƒ‡sytu" wt" Šy" ƒvƒ~tpq" t|˜z~uvzs" nŸ"utysq}|t"ty"ˆF" =y~ut" |sƒ" s}‰t~vsƒ-" ƒt" tyzŠty~uq" |q" utwŠzzvy" wt" tpvƒvsytƒ" wt" HI ˆ " ty" •-–"pv||sytƒ"wt"~syt|qwqƒ"t€Švq|ty~tƒ"ty" ˆE-"‡quq"|s"zŠq|"t|"? ˆ "tuwt"tƒ"†Šywqptym ~q|F" Gsu" tƒ~q" uqy-" t|" wtƒquus||s" wt" ~swqƒ" |qƒ" vy†uqtƒ~uŠz~Šuqƒ" r" ‡|qy~qƒ" wt" ‡uswŠzm zvy"r"q|pqztyqpvty~s"ytztƒquvqƒ"wt}ty" qqyqu" {qƒ~q" zsyƒt‹Švu" wvz{s" s}‰t~vs" r" ‡su" ~qy~s" {qztu" €Št" ty" tƒt" pspty~s" t|" ‡utzvs" ƒtq" |s" ƒŠ†vzvty~tpty~t" zsp‡t~v~vsF - Ksƒ" s}‰t~vsƒ" q" |qu‹s" ‡|qs" ƒsy" pŠr" qp}vzvsƒsƒ-" r" ‡su" zsyƒv‹Švty~t-"t|"uv~ps" ty"t|"wtƒquus||s"wt"~sm wqƒ" |qƒ" vy†uqtƒ~uŠz~Šm uqƒ" wt|" ? ˆ " tuwt" tƒ" tu~v‹vysƒsF"Juqzvqƒ"q" |sƒ" †sywsƒ" tŠus‡tsƒ" wtwvzqwsƒ"q"~q|"†vy-"t|" wtƒquus||s"wt"‡usrtzm ~sƒ"wt"? ˆ "zutztu›y"t—m ‡sytyzvq|pty~t" ty" ˆˆˆF" =y" H$" rq" tƒ~qm psƒ"‡qu~vzv‡qyws"qzm ~vqpty~t"ty"q|‹Šysƒ"wt"tƒ~sƒ"‡usrtz~sƒ"t" vyz|Šƒs" ysƒ" {tpsƒ" qw{tuvws" q" qƒszvqzvsm ytƒ"wt"yŠtq"zutqzvy"zsps"t|"H|xƒ~tu"wt|" ? ˆ " wt" Hqƒ~v||qmKq"@qyz{qF" 3wtp›ƒ-" ƒt‹Švm psƒ" wtƒquus||qyws" yŠtƒ~uqƒ" zsp‡t~tym zvqƒ"wty~us"wt|"t€Šv‡s-"zsy"t|"s}‰t~vs"wt" ƒt‹Švu" ‡qu~vzv‡qyws" qz~vqpty~t" ty" tƒ~q" {s‰q"wt"uŠ~q"~qy"vp‡su~qy~t"‡quq"t|"ƒtz~su" tytu‹˜~vzs"wt|"‡q™ƒF AIR LIQUIDE Pierre Cohen 7IWTSRWEFPI HI )IWEVVSPPS HI RIKSGMS LMHV¾KIRS IRIVK¸E + =|" ƒtz~su"wt" |q" tytu‹™q" tƒ~›" vvtyws"Šy" ‡us†Šyws" zqp}vs-" tƒ‡tzvq|pty~t" q{suq"€Št" =Šus‡q"ƒt"{q"†v‰qws"t|"s}‰t~vs"wt"q|zqyqu"|q" ytŠ~uq|vwqw" ty" zqu}sys" ‡quq" ˆF" =y" tƒ~t" ƒty~vws-"ty"3vu"Kv€Švwt"tƒ~qpsƒ"zsytyzvwsƒ" wt"€Št"t|"{vwu‹tys"tƒ"Šyq"wt"|qƒ"‡vtwuqƒ"qym ‹Š|qutƒ"wt"|q"~uqyƒvzvy"tytu‹˜~vzqF"_"‡quq"t||s" ~tytpsƒ" €Št" ƒŠ‡tuqu" ut~sƒ" zsps" zsyƒt‹Švu" Šysƒ"zsƒ~tƒ"zsp‡t~v~vsƒ"‹uqzvqƒ"q"ptzqyvƒm psƒ"wt"qrŠwq"‡x}|vzq"r"|q"‹tytuq|vqzvy"wt|" Šƒs" wt|" {vwu‹tysF" Gquq" vp‡Š|ƒqu" tƒ~t" zqpm }vs-" wtƒwt" 3vu" Kv€Švwt" ||tqpsƒ" vyvzvq~vqƒ" €Št"†spty~ty"t|"Šƒs"wt|"{vwu‹tys-"zsps"|q" †vupqwq"utzvty~tpty~t"zsy"Vtwt—vƒ"‡quq"wtƒm ‡|t‹qu" {qƒ~q" n" tƒ~qzvsytƒ" wt" ut‡sƒ~q‰t" ty" =ƒ‡qœq"qy~tƒ"wt"ˆEF" , 3vu" Kv€Švwt-" zsps" ƒszvs" †Šywqwsu" wt|" Hsyƒt‰s" wt|" ? ˆ -" ||tq" qœsƒ" {qzvtyws" Šyq" q‡Štƒ~q"†vupt"‡su"tƒ~t"‹qƒ"zsps"tz~su"tytum ‹˜~vzsF" Ksƒ" tƒ~Šwvsƒ" utq|vm qwsƒ"‡su"tƒ~t"su‹qyvƒps" wtpŠtƒ~uqy"€Št" t|"{vwum ‹tys"‡Štwt"|vwtuqu"|q"wtƒm zqu}syvqzvy"r"zsytu~vum ƒt" ty" Šyq" ƒs|Šzvy" uty~q}|tF" Hsyƒt‹Švu" tƒ~t" s}‰t~vs-" ‡tupv~vu™q" utwŠzvu" |qƒ" tpvƒvsytƒ" qyŠq|tƒ"wt"HI ˆ " r" zsy~uv}Švu" tysuptpty~t" q" |q" ytŠ~uq|vwqw" zqu}yvzq" wt" yŠtƒ~uq" ƒszvtm wqwF"Hsps"zsp‡qœ™q-"‰Š‹qpsƒ"Šy"‡q‡t|"†Šym wqpty~q|"q‡srqyws"tƒ~q"~uqyƒvzvy"{qzvq"Šy" †Š~Šus"p›ƒ" ƒsƒ~tyv}|t" r"qzt|tuqyws" |q" ~uqyƒm †supqzvy" wt" |q" vywŠƒ~uvq" r" wt|" ƒtz~su" wt" |q" psv|vwqwF"#Їsyvtyws"€Št"|q"vy~tyƒvwqw"wt" |qƒ" qrŠwqƒ" ‡x}|vzqƒ" ƒtqy" qwtzŠqwqƒ-" wtƒwt" 3vu"Kv€Švwt"‡tyƒqpsƒ"€Št"t|"? ˆ "ƒtu›"zsp‡t~vm ~vs-"‡su"t‰tp‡|s-"ty"t|"ƒtz~su"wt|"~uqyƒ‡su~t" q"‡qu~vu"wt|"qœs"ˆˆF - &sƒs~usƒ" ||tqpsƒ" p›ƒ" wt" " qœsƒ" vp‡Š|m ƒqyws" t|" {vwu‹tys" zsps" tz~su" tytu‹˜~vzs" r" ƒspsƒ" t—‡tu~sƒ" ty" ƒŠ" zqwtyq" wt" ƒŠpvyvƒ~usF" 3{suq" ƒt" tƒ~›y" qyŠym zvqyws" ‡usrtz~sƒ" tƒ~uqm ~˜‹vzsƒ" q" ‹uqy" tƒzq|q" wt" wvtuƒqƒ" zsp‡qœ™qƒ" €Št" tƒ~›y" zsy~uv}Šrtyws" q" zq~q|vqu" tƒ~t" ‡usztƒsF" 3wtp›ƒ-" t|" ‹s}vtuys" tƒm ‡qœs|" qzq}q" wt" ‡utƒty~qu" t|" Gusrtz~s" =ƒm ~uq~˜‹vzs" ‡quq" |q" VtzЇtuqzvy" r" $uqyƒ†sum pqzvy" =zsypvzq" ’G=V$=“" wt" =ytu‹™qƒ" Vtysq}|tƒ-"?vwu‹tys"Vtysq}|t" r"3|pqm ztyqpvty~sF" =y" tƒ~t" pquzs" wt" ‹uqywtƒ" zqp}vsƒ"vvwsƒ"ty"ˆˆn-"wtƒwt"3vu"Kv€Švwt" ‡tyƒqpsƒ"€Št"t|"ˆˆˆ"q"q"ƒtu"t|"qœs"ty"t|" €Št"ƒt"qyq|vzt"ty"‡us†Šywvwqw"|q"vq}v|vwqw" tzsypvzq"wt"wvz{sƒ"‡usrtz~sƒF"=y"wt†vyvm ~vq-"ty~ut"yŠtƒ~usƒ"s}‰t~vsƒ"tƒ~›"vp‡Š|ƒqu" t|"{vwu‹tys"zsps"tytu‹™q"|vp‡vq"r"‡uspsm tu" ƒŠ" wtpqywq" ty~ut" |q"pŠ|~v~Šw" wt" q‡|vm zqzvsytƒ"€Št"s†utztF 37 ENERGÉTICA XXI · 212 · DIC 21

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